Sabtu, 04 Desember 2010
Farm Motors Practical Hints for Handy-men- J. Brownlee Davisson and Leon Wilson Chase
Diposting oleh go head di 20.47(Lyons)
Farm Motors was originally published in 1908 by the Orange Judd Company of New York. In this text, the term "Motor" is very broadly interpreted. The first chapter discusses "Animal Motors:"
The authors call on physics to explain the modus operandi of the horse: "the animal is made up of a great number of systems of levers and joints, each supplied with a system of muscles which are in reality the motors." There is a wonderful simulacrum working here, a turn-
We quickly pass from Animal Motors to Windmills. The authors tell us that, next to farm subsidies, "the windmill was the first kind of motor used to relieve the farmer of physical exertion and increase his capacity to do work."
There is a brief synopsis of the history of the windmill, going all the way back to Pomponius Sabinus who claimed that they existed in Roman times. The authors quote a Prof. Beckman, who says that Sabinus was a pompous liar, although he is much too polite to use that phraseology. "Before 718 there were windmills nowhere but in Bohemia," they tell us (showing themselves to be Bohemians). Still, we think that anyone who can claim a horse is a motor must be an artist ... of sorts. They then go on to identify six types of windmills, including the Jumbos, the Merry-
- Although the animal differs from other forms of motors, being an animated thing, it is possible, however, to consider it as a machine in which energy in the form of food is transformed into mechanical energy, which may be applied to the operation of various machines.
- While the horse is like a heat engine in requiring carbonaceous fuel, oxygen, and water for use in developing energy, it is necessary that combustion take place in the animal body at a much lower temperature than is possible in the heat engine, and a much smaller proportion of the fuel value is lost in the form of heat while the work is being done.
- the average thermodynamic efficiency of man to be 19.6 per cent. Experiments conducted by the scientist Hirn have shown that the thermodynamic efficiency of the horse to be about 0.2.
The authors call on physics to explain the modus operandi of the horse: "the animal is made up of a great number of systems of levers and joints, each supplied with a system of muscles which are in reality the motors." There is a wonderful simulacrum working here, a turn-
We quickly pass from Animal Motors to Windmills. The authors tell us that, next to farm subsidies, "the windmill was the first kind of motor used to relieve the farmer of physical exertion and increase his capacity to do work."
There is a brief synopsis of the history of the windmill, going all the way back to Pomponius Sabinus who claimed that they existed in Roman times. The authors quote a Prof. Beckman, who says that Sabinus was a pompous liar, although he is much too polite to use that phraseology. "Before 718 there were windmills nowhere but in Bohemia," they tell us (showing themselves to be Bohemians). Still, we think that anyone who can claim a horse is a motor must be an artist ... of sorts. They then go on to identify six types of windmills, including the Jumbos, the Merry-
Next come steam engines, the inventor of which was Hero of Alexandria, who was more than just a hero to his people. Newcomen, Calley, and Savery invented the modern boiler in 1675 to pump water. Newcomen was forever and a day inviting people: "Who's there?" they would ask. "Newcomen," he said, and they did. We know nothing about Calley, but Savery liked good food, which is where delightful mealz gets their names. Gas, Oil, and Alcohol engines appear soon enough here, but not soon enough to prevent the invention of the SUV.
The concept of internal combustion came from Huyghens in 1689. He suggested that metal cylinders should be packed with gunpowder and then ignited. He experimented with these but, unfortunately, went up in flames before his experiments could get off the ground.
The Otto cycle (where gas and air are mixed before ignition) was invented by Otto the Second, also known as Otto Otto. His son, Otto to the third power (Otto Otto Otto) invented the four-cycle engine, and then went out with a fifth to celebrate.
The final labor-saving devices discussed in Farm Motor are "electricals," which includes voltmeters, DC motors, lightbulbs [Fig 1 above], and Rock, Rap, and Raves [not shown] --- all of which are designed to keep people up all night even though they, like good farm folk everywhere, would be better off going to bed with the chickens and getting up with the fleas.
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